Media globalisation

Media globalisation What do we understand by media globalisation? Make an assessment of the arguments for and against globalisation processes. Globalisation can be defined according to (Lodge cited in Ali, 2000:6) as â€Å"the process whereby the worlds people are becoming increasingly interconnected in all facets of their lives- cultural, economic, political, technological, and environmental†. Since (Dominick,2002:513) noted that information is being produced at a rate that is four times faster than the consumption of information. And media globalisation has contributed to increasing media production and consumption, this essay will outline the different views about the advantages and dis advantages of global television (TV). There is a general tendency to believe that most of the traditional definitions of globalisation focus primarily on economics issues,however, (Giddens, 2003,10) refuted that saying â€Å"[to see] the phenomena almost solely in economic terms is a mistake. Globalisation is political, technological, and cultural, as well as economic†. However, he was not straight in articulating the relation between globalisation and media, he rather described it as â€Å"the intensification of world-wide social relations, which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa† (Giddens,1990:64). Even though he does not directly refer to media globalisation but it can be understood from the context. ( Rantanen,2005:6) commented that â€Å"although[Giddens] does not mention media and communication, it is obvious that the worldwide social relations are intensified by them†. Media globalisation includes many means such as internet, television,cinema, radio, and other digital media. Television can considered to be a main medium in life. (Schneider and Wallis,1988:7) claimed that â€Å" television could united the world†. However, television has been affected considerably by globalisation(Sinclair, Elizabeth, and Stuart, 1996:1) stated that a sea-change in television systems around the world began in the late 1970s. An integral element in the various complex phenomena usually captured under the rubric of globalisation. There has been a highly-charged debate on determining the benefits and drawbacks of global satellite TV. Some scholars say that there are many advantages that come along with global TV, for instance, (Curtin,2005:156) contended that during the satellite era, electronic media can easily transmit images and information from one locale to any given combination of points around the world at relatively the same cost and velocity. It is noteworthy that, Communication media play a crucial role in the global epoch. Satellite TV, for instance, has enabled viewers worldwide to access diversified information and images. Therefore, it has contributed to widen their knowledge about other cultures in the world. Moreover, the producers of the most closed global TV has changed their policy in order to extend their audience base outside their regions. Arab global television networks producers,for example, convinced, according to(Sinclair,Jacka, and Cunningham, 1996:124), that â€Å"satellite services are essential to project Arab culture internationally†. Further, (kim,2005:449) suggested that â€Å" television stands as the dominant representation of global culture†. To put that in other words, in satellite era, information monopolisation has been eliminated, as a result of that, localisation has been undermined and national peoples culture become available for everyone to look at. That has led, on some occasions, to reduction of some local malpractices (Curtin,2005:157) asserted that national regimes no longer have information monopolies nor can they justify their actions by reference to tradition or to divine cosmologies. Fate no longer governs human existence, as media encourage more active and reflexive citizenries. Moreover, media globalisation has decreased the differences of ethnicity, religion, gender or literacy between people. As a consequent, their expanded experience and knowledge about others cultures have contributed to encourage them to evolve and modernize themselves. As (Curtin,2005:289) put it: Satellite television figures prominently in scholarly speculation about globalization, since it has the potential to cross boundaries of class, gender, ethnicity and literacy,in addition to nation. Scholars furthermore suggest that satellite TV moves audiences towards a shared repertoire of images and ideas, thereby encouraging modernization. Furthermore, reflexivity is considered to be the nucleus of global media, to be more precise, the knowledge that people have been obtained about other cultures would consequently reflex on their lives and enable them to compare and criticize their own lives . It would resulted also in shifting their perceptions about life which has led predominantly, to improve their standard of livings, (Kim,2005:447) manifested that â€Å"people have a reflexive and critical engagement with the new global television culture, which involves learning to deal with their life conditions in a new light†. In addition, satellite TV has given the worldwide audience a broaden chance to choose between a myriad of international satellite channels which cater to the diversity of linguistics regions all over the world.(Sinclair,Jacka, and Cunningham, 1996:3) said that â€Å" new satellite and cable delivery systems permitted the opening up of viable international channels†. Undoubtedly, English is the most dominant language in the world which most of the channels have spoken in. (Kim,2005:455) considered â€Å"English, as a language of global modernity†.Therefore, many people have endeavored to learning it. Global television is well-regarded and beneficial medium to acquire and master it. listening to news, drama, entertainment programmes, movies, for example, has introduced a practical way to listening practice. (Kim,2005:455) contended that â€Å" learning English and involving [ourselves] with wider Western culture through travel and global television† is a construct ive way to learn it. Besides, Global television has brought out financially profits to many worldwide media corporations, for instance, (Sinclair, Elizabeth, and Stuart, 1996:5) mentioned that â€Å"the existence of sizeable Arab populations outside the Middle East, mainly in Europe, North America, and Asia, opens up new markets for Arab-language programming†. Media globalisation has provided substantial opportunities for many media companies to rise their profits; even though, the domination of the largest media companies on the world media communication markets, according to(Dennis and Merrill,1996:225) The main benefits of global media is that people are better informed and get a wider range of information and entertainment than ever before. people worry that a few companies will dominate world communication, but many small entrepreneurs are also flourishing, and entry into the communication market is easier than it has ever been in human history. On the other hand, media globalisation has been criticised by many media communication scholars due to its negative effects on people and countries. It has been postulated that the prevalence of satellite channels has been accused of invading peoples life, customs , traditions or cultures because those channels have shown what do not aligned with some peoples way of living resulting in changing their lifestyle and manner.. In Arab world, serious steps have been taken toward eliminating the harmful effects of some TV programmes which do not suit with the Islamic communities. (Sinclair,Jacka, and Cunningham, 1996:122) claimed that â€Å" most of the programming available from satellite services contains material that is not acceptable in Islamic societies. Sex, nudity, obscenity, and violence are considered offensive by Islamic leaders†.

Summary and Analysis of The Pardoners Tale Essay example -- Canterbur

Summary and Analysis of The Pardoner's Tale (The Canterbury Tales) Prologue to the Pardoner's Tale: The Host thinks that the cause of Virginia's death in the previous tale was her beauty. To counter the sadness of the tale, the Host suggests that the Pardoner tell a lighter tale. The Pardoner delays, for he wants to finish his meal, but says that he shall tell a moral tale. He says that he will tell a tale with this moral: the love of money is the root of all evil. He claims that during his sermons he shows useless trifles that he passes off as saints' relics. He proudly tells about how he defrauds people who believed they have sinned. He states explicitly that his goal is not to save people from sin, but to gain money from them. The Pardoner says that he will not imitate the apostles in their poverty, but will have food, comfort, and a wench in every town. Analysis Among the various pilgrims featured in the Canterbury Tales, the Pardoner is one of the most fully realized characters. The only character to whom Chaucer gives greater detail is the Wife of Bath. The Pardoner is a fraudulent huckster who shows no qualms about passing off false items as the relics of saints, but he also demonstrates a great sense of self-loathing. The Pardoner shifts from moments of direct honesty to shameless deceit, openly admitting the tricks of his trade to the travelers but nevertheless attempting to use these various methods on these travelers who are aware of his schemes. The Pardoner is in many senses a warped character, unable to hold to any consistent code of moral behavior. Even in his physicality he is deformed. The General Prologue, suggesting that the Pardoner resembles a 'gelding or a mare,' hints that the Pardoner may be a ... ... only expression of any spirituality contained in the Pardoner's Tale. The Pardoner has little concern with actual religious matters and makes no real reference to Christianity. His concern is money, and the Christian religion is only the means to achieve this end. The Tale itself is a relatively simplistic moral fable that hinges on the distinctions between literal and figurative language. The initial personification of death that the young child uses as a metaphor and euphemism leads to the actual physical manifestation of Death as a tangible object: the piles of gold that the three rioters find. The plot of the tale derives from the rioters' literal interpretation of euphemism  ­ since death has taken their friend, they must find death. This personification of death finally becomes metaphor once again when the piles of gold represent the death that they find.

Normative Theories

It means that an action Is ethical correct If the consequences of the action are more favorable than unfavorable to most people (Foot, 1985). In this case, the hostile take- over on Foster's has a widespread effect on entire Foster organization, both external and internal stakeholders: * Shareholders: The shareholders of Foster will acquire higher margin than selling their share on stock market. If the Gabrielle want to buy their shares, the company has to offer higher bold than the market value. As a result, the share will benefit from the takeover. The Management: If Gabrielle successfully takes over Foster, it may prefer bring its own staff members to manage the newly acquired business. As a result, the original Foster management may be dismissed or downgrade. Even they still control, original management may find themselves have to adjust to the practices in order to adapt to Gabrielle corporate culture. * Employees: Employees may be impacted a lot. Generally, when company control s change, lot of Jobs will be cut in the old company. Sometimes, every old staff will have to go.Other times, the new company will keep some employees in order to rain their own people. No matter what the decision on the employee, the takeover will have serious impact on the Foster employee morale. * Suppliers: Gabrielle may change the suppliers, however, the impact extent will be depends on the new company policy. Generally, the impacts on suppliers are not serious. * Customers: If the acquisition is successful, the new company may be diversified and cost-saving. The customers will get more cheap beers than before. As result, the customers will benefit.But It does Impact the old company loyal customers. From the above analysis, Foster's shareholders and customers will benefit from the hostile takeover. The original management and employee will suffer. As the amounts of shareholders and customer are obviously more than management and employee, the hostile takeover consequences are m ore favorable than unfavorable to most people. Therefore, It Is ethical base on teleological theory. Deontological ethical theories focus primarily on complying with independent ethical rules or duties. Generally, there are Right theory and Justice theory.When following hose duties, the actions are ethical (Brook, R. , 2007). When failing to follow these duties, the action is unethical. It does not focus on the consequence of action compared with teleological theory. In this case, the hostile takeover will not treat Foster's shareholders, management and employee equitably and fairly, It also deontological theories. Virtue-based ethical theories did not emphasis on which rules the decision maker should follow, which are action-based theories. It primarily helps people to develop good character traits, such as kindness and generosity.

Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essays

Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essays Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essay Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essay One reason Romeo is responsible for Gullets death and is own, is because he made the choice to go to the masquerade ball. If Romeo never went to the ball, he would not have meet Juliet. If he never met Juliet then he would not have fallen head over heels in love with her, enough to kill himself. Ill go along no such sight to be shown, But to rejoice in splendor of mine own. (1. 2. 103-104. ) in these lines Romeo says he will join Benevolent on going to Caplets ball. Romeo, not knowing one decision could create his fate, chose to try to meet new people instead of longing for Rosalie. Another reason Romeo is in charge of the deaths of himself ND Juliet, is he killed Table Caplet. Because Romeo killed Table, his cousin by marriage at the time, he was exiled to Mantra and could no longer see his love, Juliet. If Romeo walked away from the fight instead of getting in the middle, he could have easily avoided being exiled and could have stayed in Verona with Juliet. This days black fate on more days doth depend. This but begins the woe others must end. (3. 1. 81;82. ) in this quote, Romeo is expressing that this fight create peoples fate. He is also saying that the future will be affected by these actions. Romeo should not have fought and killed Table if he wanted to keep Juliet. The last reason Romeo is responsible for their deaths, is because he killed himself next to Juliet. Romeo should not have killed himself in the first place, but since he did, Juliet saw it when she awoke as him leaving her and she wanted to join him. Yea, noise? Then Ill be brief. O happy dagger, this is thy sheath. There rust and let me die. (5. 3. 183-184. ) in this last quote, Juliet expresses how she kills herself to be with Romeo. In my opinion, Juliet should have left with Friar Lawrence so she loud join the nunnery.

Phonetic Letters in the NATO Alphabet

Phonetic Letters in the NATO Alphabet Mens lives, even the fate of a battle, may depend on a signalers message, on a signalers pronunciation of a single word, even of a single letter.(Edward Fraser and John Gibbons, Soldier and Sailor Words and Phrases, 1925) The NATO phonetic alphabet is a spelling alphabet- a standard set of 26 words for letter names- used by airline pilots, police, the military, and other officials when communicating over radio or telephone. The purpose of the phonetic alphabet is to ensure that letters are clearly understood even when speech is distorted. More formally known as the  International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet  (also called the ICAO phonetic or spelling alphabet),  the NATO phonetic alphabet was developed in the 1950s as part of the International Code of Signals (INTERCO), which originally included visual and sound signals. Here are the phonetic letters in the NATO alphabet:Alfa (or Alpha)BravoCharlieDeltaEchoFoxtrotGolfHotelIndiaJuliet (or Juliett)KiloLimaMikeNovemberOscarPapaQuebecRomeoSierraTangoUniformVictorWhiskeyX-rayYankeeZulu How the Nato Phonetic Alphabet Is Used As an example, an air traffic controller using the NATO Phonetic Alphabet would say Kilo Lima Mike to represent the letters KLM.The phonetic alphabet has been around for a long time, but has not always been the same, says Thomas J. Cutler. In the U.S., the International Code of Signals was adopted in 1897 and updated in 1927, but it wasnt until 1938 that all the letters in the alphabet were assigned a word. Back in the days of World War II, the phonetic alphabet began with the letters Able, Baker, Charlie,  K  was King, and  S  was Sugar. After the war, when the NATO alliance was formed, the phonetic alphabet was changed to make it easier for the people who speak the different languages found in the alliance. That version has remained the same, and today the phonetic alphabet begins with Alfa, Bravo, Charlie,  K  is now Kilo, and  S  is Sierra.(The Bluejackets Manual. Naval Institute Press, 2002) Today the NATO Phonetic Alphabet is widely used throughout North America and Europe. Note that the NATO phonetic alphabet is not  phonetic in the sense that linguists use the term. Likewise, its not related to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which is used in linguistics to represent the precise pronunciation of individual words.

Business Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Organization - Assignment Example One of the benefits of an LLC is the limited liability characteristic of a corporation. Another benefit is that the LLC can negotiate in its own terms how the profits are distributed among the owners. Limited liability companies do not endure double taxation like corporations. A partnership is an agreement between two or more people in which the members contribute capital, knowledge, time, and resources towards a business venture. One of the best attributes of partnerships is that the business has multiple owners that can contribute in different manners towards the organization. Partnerships are often used in professions such as law, medical practices, and business consultants. A fourth type of business arrangement is sole proprietorship. A sole proprietorship is a business that is owned by only one person. These types of businesses are often small and on many occasions there is no separation between ownership and management since the owner has the dual function. The majority of businesses in the United States are sole

ISM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ISM - Essay Example â€Å"There are many ways to define Globalisation. Ruud Lubbets in his article â€Å"Globalisation and Sustainable Development† describes globalisation as â€Å"the phenomenon that the degree of global human interaction increases to such an extent that both its primary effects and the reactions it provokes, give rise to numerous new developments† ( Ali, Winter & May, 2007, p.1). Globalisation is the interaction between economies, technologies and politic A number of companies, increasingly, are looking forward towards breaking the cultural barriers to extend the businesses further in a global environment. This has increased the requirement of the employees to get accustomed to the foreign cultural settings. Apart from that International Marketing training demands a detailed program to make the employees aware of the various theories and practices in the arena of international marketing. The globalisation dreams have presented a new challenge for the firms including the challenge to develop competent managers, able to work in the new environments with more efficiency. With increasing numbers of mergers and acquisitions, the firms are also expected to bring in new employees with different origins, languages and national culture adding more complexities to the different organizational cultures. â€Å"The firms thus need to develop systems and processes not only to train managers for expatriate assignments but also to handle cultural diversity. This task can be achieved by well designed cross-cultural training programs which will help employees in coping up with the stress and cultural shock while dealing with a new culture† (Pande & Krishnan, n.d., p.2). In China, Telmarket would require a culture specific training to make its employees competent enough to deal with the customers with enough respect to Chinese culture and their business environments. After having a review on the respective reviews the following issues have been identified for the cross cultural training. The time factor in the training would require considering two factors including punctuality and relationship dimensions. Some cultures may take more comparatively more time for relationship building while this may not be at all acceptable in others. So, it is of utmost importance to consider Chinese business culture barriers related to time required to be taken care of. In China, there exists a linguistic barrier as Chinese people prefer their language in business contexts (METP, 2008). Adding to it, even the pronunciation is quite different in China, which is required to be taken care of. There are a number of evidences that failing to align the brand name in accordance to the Chinese language made the brands to fail in the Chinese market. So, Telmarket must consider this point with high significance and must train its employees on the linguistic factor. The training program would also include a detailed training regarding the business practices. The b usiness practices may differ in China as they encourage open discussion; although that is required to be done with enough respect to the seniority and old traditions. The training would also require introducing methods and programs to counter stress and to interpret the situations in a positive way. The employees would have to understand the situations on both from their own and from other perspectives. The way to express the